LUXURY CAR BRANDS MARKETING HIGHLIGHT QUESTIONS Essay

Extravagance CAR BRANDS MARKETING HIGHLIGHT QUESTIONS - Essay Example To make the drive agreeable for the travelers, Kluger accompanies Captain Seats and discussion reflect. Multi Zone Climate Control (which controls temperature in various pieces of the lodge), Rear seat DVD player with earphones, Integrated Puddle Mirrors, add to the delight of going in Kluger. The driver of the extravagance hybrid appreciates the benefits of Multi Information Display while on move (with atmosphere control settings), Steering Wheel Audio Controls, Cruise Control ( to keep inside wanted speed limits), satellite route and keen keyless passage framework. Increased item Ownership of Toyota Kluger accompanies expanded highlights, for example, 3year/100,000km+ guarantee, Personal Vehicle Loan, Novated Lease, Novated Lease Vehicle bundle, Business Loan (all through Toyota Finance) and Capped Price Service Advantage up to six administrations. Toyota utilizes a range methodology to advance Kluger. Toyota is known for its upmarket vehicles, quality and its excellence. To advanc e Toyota as a brand, the organization focus its endeavors on making a solitary joined culture of wellbeing and strength equivalent with Toyota. Kluger is an augmentation of the Toyota culture for the solace and satisfaction in whole family. Kluger, a hybrid vehicle is propelled to tap the interest of high society families who may make infrequent joy trips inside or outside the city. Kluger intends to set up itself as an equivalent word for sumptuous, charming, family transport vehicle. It target Generation X who vote in favor of convenience of vehicle alongside style. Toyota is utilizing its online assets as the principle approach to showcase Kluger in Australia; rest of the advertising endeavors bolster this core interest. Fundamental explanation behind advancing Kluger through site is on the grounds that upmarket Gen X in Australia by and large uses web as the essential method of exploration while purchasing high association items, for example, vehicle. Toyota’s site goes a bout as a semi salesman of its models that confers vehicle particulars as well as enables the imminent purchaser in seeing how he to can utilize Kluger. The site has live film of individuals who relate their encounters while utilizing Kluger. The site targets giving a virtual stroll through to the imminent purchaser of the inside, outside and experience of going in a Kluger alongside the confirmation of Toyota so the purchaser may have enough certainty on the Kluger to book a test drive (Toyota accuses of Cavalry, 2008). Ans. 2 Product blend or the collection of vehicles offered by Toyota, Ford and Honda appear to contrast dependent on the objective gathering of every one of the previously mentioned organizations. While Honda has the most limited product offering, Ford has the longest with Toyota positioning in the middle of them two. Honda has isolated its product offering for the most part based on conservative and huge vehicles. Its significant models promoted in Australia are: J azz, City, Insight, Civic Si-Type R (in minimized section) and Accord, Euro, Odyssey, CR-V, Legend (in enormous vehicle fragment). It doesn't have a subcompact vehicle nor a fair size or full size SUV (CR-V being minimal SUV). Honda doesn't have a sub-conservative vehicle or a top end vehicle in Australia. A significant explanation could be that Honda doesn't yet have an assembling office in Australia and it imports every one of its vehicles to the mainland. Consequently, it has kept up a short product offering in Australia. Honda’

Financial Institutions and Instruments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Budgetary Institutions and Instruments - Essay Example A speculation technique has more to do with capably, and regularly moderately, dealing with a venture portfolio so as to augment gains with at least upkeep, a low number of exchanges (and their orderly expenses), and at least hazard. This paper will investigate the venture procedure approach generally, while additionally investigating a portion of the more improved and very much tried specialized methodologies of the exchanging approach. An improved venture system is the one well on the way to be utilized by a conventional individual with an unassuming portfolio, a base measure of time to dedicate to dealing with that portfolio, and restricted capacity, want, and additionally assets to commit to the utilization of complex investigation devices. At the end of the day, the sort of individual who has a normal everyday employment rather than being a fulltime informal investor, and requirements a procedure that incorporates a reasonable level of programmed execution and pre-decided portfolio assurance gadgets. Finding a reliable procedure that meets these necessities would be valuable to an incredible number of individuals who are as of now distraught in the territory of expanding their speculation gains by absence of money related assets, time, and ability, while simultaneously they might be exceptionally subject to their venture execution for their future budgetary security needs. Much work has been done in quest for a framework that would reliably give overabundance returns, with blended outcomes. The very presence of specialized examination appears to give a false representation of the Efficient Market Hypothesis. A few scientists have inferred that specialized principles don't gain overabundance benefits over a basic purchase and-hold technique, (Beechey, Gruen, and Vickery, 2000). In any case, there are parts of market execution that are not totally clarified by EMH, and the accessible proof proposes that budgetary market returns are halfway unsurprising, in manners that occasionally struggle with the Efficient Market Hypothesis (Beechey, et al, 2000). Other dissonant discoveries in regards to the EMH versus real stock execution incorporate proof that in the financial exchange, shares with significant yields keep on creating exceptional yields in the short run (energy impacts). Over the long haul, shares with low value income proportions, high book-to-advertise esteem proportions, and different proportions of 'significant worth' outflank the market (esteem impacts). Further, now and again, resource costs give off an impression of being essentially skewed, for expanded period, (Beechey, et al, 2000). At whatever point wasteful aspects, for example, misalignments or mispricings happen, an open door for overabundance returns additionally happens - in the event that somebody with a specialized examination channel is looking for them and realizes when and the proper behavior on them. Best case scenario it would appear the EMH semi-solid or feeble form best portrays what is seen in the business sectors. In this manner doubtlessly there may, all things considered, be something to be picked up from in any event a careless examination of the specialized investigation apparatuses that are most promptly accessible to the normal financial specialist, and that are straightforward and use, and that is the measures that was utilized while picking specialized investigation instruments for incorporation in the speculation technique that will be plot thus. St. George's Bank has been exchanged on the Australian trade since 1992, and is at present the fifth biggest bank in Australia. It imparts to the financial part a 100%

Finch free essay sample

My companion and I hung tight outside for longer than an hour in the downpour. At the point when the entryways at long last opened, the water-logged swarm raced to get as near the phase as could be expected under the circumstances. Everybody calmly sat tight for the show, lastly, the primary band, Counterfit, came out. Everybody got exhausted after four tunes and needed the following band to make that big appearance. After another long pause, Recover came flooding onto the stage. Recoup started up the group; it helped when they would not play another melody until a mosh pit began. At that point individuals started swarm surfing with one fan in any event, climbing a shaft and jumping into the groups outstretched arms. Recoup put on an incredible act with tunes like My Only Cure and Night of the Creeps. They were an extraordinary band to lay the right foundation for the headliner. At the point when Recovers last part left the stage, Finchs roadies came out to set the stage and tune the groups guitars. We will compose a custom paper test on Finch or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page At that point, all of a sudden, the lights went off and the opportunity had at last arrived. The lights burst on like a chunk of fire as Finch started their first melody. The group began hopping all once again the spot. Finch played a couple of group top picks like Gray Matter and Untitled, alongside tunes from their up and coming collection. Tragically, the night needed to end, and Finch finished off a fruitful night with What it is to Burn. Generally, the show was astonishing and one that I will consistently recollect.

Writing Persuasive Essays For College Students

Writing Persuasive Essays For College StudentsWriting persuasive essays is a great way to find an audience for your ideas and to pass them on to the right audience, to a place where your ideas will be evaluated. The best way to reach potential audiences for your research is through your writings, to get them interested and to get them on the lookout for what you have to say. Your ideas may help influence a group of people and by writing persuasively, you will get their attention.Most college students get bored with writing essays by the time they graduate from high school. When they are having trouble writing for class or when they are not interested in a topic they are assigned to write, they often give up hope. It is important to not give up on your writing when the subject matter that you would like to write about is of interest to a college student.The trick is to use your writing to get your point across. The best way to get your point across is to construct and use persuasive e ssay topics for college students.Some of the interesting persuasive essay topics for college students that can be used to promote the ideas that you want to promote are topics of your choice. You will want to read on to find out more about the topics that you can write about and then start writing about them. Writing about topics that will have an impact on the lives of your audience is what you need to do.The reasons that college students are the target audience for your ideas will differ from the reasons that people are interested in topics of your choice. It is important to use the topics that you chose to use to make your writing persuasive. The more persuasive your writing, the more people will read and the more people will care about what you have to say.When you are trying to develop persuasive essay topics for college students, you will want to make sure that you consider the topics that you write about. Find out what the topic is, what the audience is, what they want, and t hen see what type of ideas that you can help them with. With this information, you will be able to build on your writing to get your message across.Picking the topics that you are going to use to help you with your writing will help you develop the right kind of persuasive essay topics for college students. It is important to get the ideas that you are interested in and then to write about them in order to get your writing noticed. When you do this, you will be ready to communicate with your audience, when they need your help.

A New Paradigm Of Terrorism - 1537 Words

Since the 9/11 terrorist attacks many have sought to argue that a ‘New’ paradigm of terrorism exists and therefore that the nature of modern terrorist threats has changed. However, terrorism itself has never been clearly outlined, and as such both Copeland and Duyvesteyn argue current threats to be a continuation of older trends of traditional terrorism. More so terrorism is subjective and therefore current threats depends upon who the target is and who is reporting the attack. On the other hand, Hoffman focuses on deconstructing specifically the 9/11 attacks and in assessing potential future threats and as such is of greater use to governments seeking to deploy stringent countermeasures. The evolution of terrorist groups motivations and†¦show more content†¦In comparison Hoffman ignores the varying definitions concluding that ‘Terrorism is perhaps best viewed as the archetypal shark in the water’ (2002:313) which advances in order to survive. Thus , the concept has simply changed over time to remain relevant by combating counterterrorism efforts. Hoffman’s most apparent definition of terrorism is noted in Copeland’s article as â€Å"the deliberate creation and exploitation of fear through violence or the threat of violence in the pursuit of political change.’ (2001:3) However, in his own article he offers only a systematic clarification of terrorism in stating their aim to ‘undermine confidence in government and leadership’ (2002:313), which remains unchanged despite the context. Hoffman’s central argument focuses on the aftermath of 9/11 and therefore his definition holds the purpose of rethinking counterterrorism measures and merely as a byproduct in showing potential modern threats. To accurately analyse whether ‘New terrorism’ is relevant in understanding the current threats, a succinct definition of terrorism is needed so that its evolution can be noted. Although, th e general aim to achieve change at any cost remains the same. The current aims of â€Å"new† terrorism must be evaluated in historical terms to determine the potential severity of the threat as well as counter-methods and

Tough Alice - 1309 Words

‘Tough Alice’ Extended Analysis Twelve Impossible Things Before Breakfast, is a collection of stories that vary from parodies to extended variations of famous fantasy stories. Jane Yolen, challenged the most popular children’s story ever, Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll and created a more upbeat Wonderland with a more hard-hitting Alice than usual. The original Alice in Wonderland is a tale about a girl who falls asleep and dreams about this magical and adventurous land known as Wonderland. Alice in â€Å"Tough Alice,† has made multiple trips to this magical realm and has become a veteran to the laws and duties of Wonderland. Both stories embark on Joseph Campbell’s idea of Structuralism, ‘Hero’s Journey’ by following the sub-elements†¦show more content†¦Next, the Cheshire cat is a supernatural aide as well for Alice. The Cheshire cat is rather poetic with everything he says and his advice to Alice gives off a poetic vibe. The supernatural part about the cat i s that he enjoys disappearing and reappearing at random times. In Tough Alice, the Red and White Queens symbolized supernatural aides for Alice. There’s no such thing as a red or white queen which indicates that Alice is dreaming. Second, the red and white queens were seen as guidance this time around in Wonderland by saying things like â€Å"We are only present, not truly here,† â€Å"And you are your own future,† â€Å"You are a tough child† and â€Å"You figure it out (page 7-8, Yolen)†. This considered the queens to be aides towards Alice. To make it out of Wonderland this time, she had to learn to fight her own demons. The second phase of the Hero’s Journey is the initiation which embarks on the road of trials. In Alice in Wonderland, Alice becomes overwhelmed with notion of being a range of different sizes within one day, so she begins to cry. Her crying creates a pool of tears where she meets an array of animals, including a mouse. 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Information Security Management Report for Analyzing

Question: Describe about the Report on Information Security Management. Answer: Introduction The report focuses on analyzing information security threats in a large organization dependent on IT. The organization chosen here is Healthscope, which is a leading enterprise health care provider in Australia. Healthscope has 46 hospitals and 52 medical centers across Australia and employs 17000 people. The operations are fully enabled by IT for and the hospitals and medical centers are connected as one large enterprise IT network. The organization generates huge volumes of information stored as millions of records in their databases. Data is used by most of its employees based on their position and role in the organization from different locations, access is provided. Their pathological services in their system are available for external users located globally. Aims of the report The focus of this report is to provide a brief analysis on the use of Identity Access and Management (IAM) for its benefits and importance in Healthscope. The recent developments in the field of IAM are explored for their implementation in the organization. Overview The IT operations and management in Healthscope are looked after by a department named IT Security and Information Assurance (ISIA). ISIA is fully aware of the fact that securing their IT systems and data is a top priority and crucial to their unique business services to run effectively. In the IT security landscape threats and risks are increasing each day as new and advanced threats such as malware, phishing attacks, botnets, etc. are on the rise (Amigorena, 2015). Therefore in order to have appropriate security measures and data prevention systems, the organization has implemented security measures such as firewalls, perimeter defense, and anti-virus software. However, these measures were recognized by ISIA as inadequate as their systems are used through the internet and number of employees are mobile, access their systems from mobile devices which increase the level of threats. ISIA is headed by a Chief Information Security Officer (CSIO) and four managers responsible for securit y in key areas namely, information and physical security, data and user privacy, busies continuity, managing attacks from malware and botnets, identifying vulnerabilities and applying appropriate remedial measures to ensure the systems are secured from all types of attacks. In order to protect all the information assets, data and people the organization explore the idea of IAM for protecting its IT systems and people. Analysis Description and importance of IAM Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a security and governance solution that offers provisioning, compliance and enforcement capabilities for organizations in securing their IT systems. IAM also offers to strengthen access control, user management, and compliance for businesses to overcome their security risks. IAM solutions offer good IT practices by answering questions (Bruhn et al, 2003) like, Is the user authorized to use IT services and data? Is the user authentic and whether he/she involved in Healthscope services? Is the user permitted to access the information? Is user privacy ensured in the organization? IAM systems help organizations to streamline and automate IT activities along with delivering business value. IAM is responsible for the entire user/device lifecycle in the organization starting with creating a new user, provisioning access to resources, modifying or providing appropriate access rights according to their position/role in the organization and finally terminating their access at the end of their association with the organization. IAM solutions offer security and risk related management by enforcing access policies, user administration and provide access to users for portals based on a set of associated approvals (EMC, 2015). The importance of an IAM solution in organizations can be understood for its functions and scope that includes, Data collection for identity: This function in IAM will contain user account details, their roles, entitlements, and unifies them centrally as an identity store. Identity analytics: This function will provide visibility across the identity store for all identities and groups in Healthscope. The CISO can generate reports, dashboards and analyze identity-related status and trends. Access Review: In this function, the supervisors of different departments in Healthscope will review IT access for their team members and ratify their access levels if found alright. Different users in the organization will have different access levels and information or data available to them will depend on their role and responsibility in a particular function. Policy management: IAM solutions provide features to define policies (segregation of duties for users) to identify violations and initiate remedial measures. Management of roles: The role of each user for his/her access to the system is maintained to consolidate their entitlements. Access request management: Users can also request for changed access to the system due to their functional change. For example, a user can request for password reset. Similarly, a user recently promoted can request for a different access level (Faraji et al. 2014). Access requests are always subject to approvals by his/her supervisor. From the above scope, it can be understood that IAM solutions in Healthscope are essential because this gives better control for users in a remote location. The trends or developments in IAM are explored. Developments/Trends of IAM The recent trends and developments in IAM can be found in the following technology areas: Mobile computing: As the workforce of Healthscope is mobile, users tend to bring their own devices (BYOD) for accessing applications like product data, email, patient reports, etc (Kunz et al. 2014). The market trends indicate mobile computing is on the rise and increasingly allowed by organizations for their users. For instance, if a mobile device having access to important data in Healthscope system is stolen or lost, that is a big risk if it falls into wrong hands. IAM can help Healthscope by securing their mobile user access mobile computing program. This is done by strengthening applications, databases and securing user and device authentication. Identity as a Service (IDaaS) is a cloud-based solution to support authentication, authorization, and provisioning (Lonea et al. 2013). IAM in the cloud is an extension to an on-premise solution to have secure integration of their internal IT with the cloud infrastructure. Normally IDaaS is provided by the cloud service provider. IAM in the cloud computing area provides a scenario where applications deployed on the cloud is secured. The advantage here is that cloud computing systems already provide robust user authentication and access controls, and hence there is not much need for protecting applications in the cloud, especially if the deployment model is a private cloud. In such environments, Federation Role-based access (RBAC) (Mazumdar et al. 2015) and cloud IAM solutions are available to ensure high levels of security. Data loss prevention (DLP): DLP is another important area for many organizations like Healthscope. The first step in DLP is to protect data and ensure the identity of the user (Schoffner et al. 2015). DLP is another information security information discipline which can enhance security in the organization when integrated with IAM capabilities. Social networks: Social network is another public domain area where systems are vulnerable to all type of attacks. Since in social media, a lot of people post different messages, IAM implementations must protect user accounts from compromised (Hu et al. 2013). Normally this is done by ensuring a second level of authentication, noting failed login attempt and monitoring for geographic regions which are known for gaining control of user accounts. Healthscope when planning to have a social media presence as a marketing strategy must ensure to look into these aspects to avoid harm to their systems. Users in Healthscope must be trained on the importance practicing discretion in social media interactions (Andersen et al. 2012). In addition to the trends indicated, users in Healthscope must be educated on maintaining their privacy and importance of following security principles according to IAM implementation. When IAM is correctly implemented it can mitigate unforeseen threats and ensure protection. Recommendations, Justification, and Benefits Based on the scope of IAM and the trends, users in Healthscope are mobile and are allowed access to their systems from a variety of devices. Looking into the large network infrastructure of Healthscope, the importance of data and information in the organization, all IT components including information must be ensured with high levels of protection. Therefore, cloud-based IAM is recommended due to the following reasons: IAM solutions in cloud offer high protection of user data and information assets. The cloud-based solution is preferred because security systems and user authentication processes are already available in the cloud. IDaaS is a cloud service offers modular identity management for access, provisioning, policies and entitlements. IDaaS can be integrated easily with IAM in existing IT infrastructure and applications, this is important for Healthscope because multiple users use a variety of devices to access data from different locations. IAM with IDaaS provides improved controls and ensures regulatory compliance (Sudha Vishwanathan, 2013). Cloud-based IDaaS also improves IT agility by automating security processes (Bowen et al. 20140). Therefore, IAM solutions are highly desired by Helthscope because it offers techniques such as review of user privileges, password management, identity-enabled networking (Torres et al. 2013), authentication and access control, and integration with IDaaS and efficiency. Conclusion In this report, the importance of IAM for a large enterprise organization is highlighted. The description for IAM for its importance in the chosen organization is briefly provided. It can be seen that IAM is important for most of the recent technological developments such as mobile computing, social networks, etc. Looking into the operations of the chosen organization, a cloud-based solution is preferred and integrated with IAM because it offers more robust security for protecting information assets and IT systems in the organization. The report also briefly provides the benefits, advantages, and justification for the recommended IAM solution. References Amigorena, F 2015 Does your C-suite really understand the benefits of IT security? Computer Fraud Security, November 2015. Andersen, K.N., Medaglia, R. and Henriksen, H.Z 2012 Social media in public health care: Impact domain propositions,Government Information Quarterly,vol. 29, no.4, pp.462-469. Bowen, J.P., Hinchey, M., Janicke, H., Ward, M.P. and Zedan, H 2014 Formality, Agility, Security, and Evolution in Software Development,IEEE Computer,vol.47, no.10, pp.86-89. Bruhn, M., Gettes, M. and West, A 2003 Identity and Access Management and Security in higher education. It's 9.30 am. Do you know who your users are?, Educase Quarterly, November 4, 2003. EMC 2015 The business value of identity and access management, An RSA Whitepaper. EMC Corporation. EY 2013 Identity and access management. Beyond compliance, Insights on governance, risk, and compliance, Ernest Young. Faraji, M., Kang, J.-M., Bannazadeh, H. and Leon-Garcia, A 2014 Identity Access Management for Multi-tier cloud infrastructures, IEEE. pp.1-4 Hu, H., Ahn, G.J. and Jorgensen, J 2013 Multiparty access control for online social networks: model and mechanisms,IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering,vol.25, no.7, pp.1614-1627 Kunz, M., Hummer, M., Fuchs, L., Netter, M. and Pernul, G 2014 Analyzing Recent Trends in Enterprise Identity management, Department of Information Systems, University of Regensburg, Germany. pp.1-4 Lonea, A.M., Tianfield, H., and Popescu, D.E 2013 Identity management for cloud computing, InNew concepts and applications in soft computing. pp. 175-199. Springer Berlin Heidelberg Majumdar, S., Madi, T., Wang, Y., Jarraya, Y., Pourzandi, M., Wang, L. and Debbabi, M 2015 Security Compliance Auditing of identity and Access Management in the Cloud: Application to OpenStack, In2015 IEEE 7th International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science (CloudCom), pp. 58-65. Shoffner, M., Owen, P., Mostafa, J., Lamm, B., Wang, X., Schmitt, C.P. and Ahalt, S.C 2013 The secure medical research workspace: an IT infrastructure to enable secure research on clinical data,Clinical and translational science. vol. 6, no.3, pp.222-225 Sudha, S. and Viswanathan, V.M 2013 Addressing security and privacy issues in cloud computing,Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology,vol.48,no.2, pp.708-719 Torres, J., Nogueira, M. and Pujolle, G 2013 A survey on identity management for the future network,IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials. Vol.1, no.2, pp.787-802.

401K Essays - Retirement Plans In The United States,

401K 401K, the retirement savings plan turned 20 this month. It has become the centerpiece retirement vehicle for millions of employees since it was kicked off on January 1, 1981. A 401K is a retirement plan set up by employers & named after the part of the Internal Revenue Code that spells out the rules- section 401, paragraph K. When you join a 401K you agree to contribute part of your salary or any gains on your money until you withdraw it at retirement. As an added attraction of the 401K is that some employees offer a match, meaning that for every dollar you save up to a certain amount, your boss will also make a contribution, which could range from 10 cents to 50 cents up to $1. This essientially is free money to you. Speech and Communications

Discovery to Debacle Essay Example

Discovery to Debacle Essay Example Discovery to Debacle Essay Discovery to Debacle Essay Introduction: The outgrowth of the monoclonal antibodies as regulative T cell activators raised a great ardor among research workers to develop them as potent go-betweens for immunotherapy. Although many of these monoclonal antibodies have been marketed for the intervention of assorted diseases [ 1 ] ( Bhogal, 2007 ) , some of them were unable to make this finish due to their discontinuance in the clinical phases. One such model theoretical account is TGN1412. TGN1412 is an IgG4 type of monoclonal antibody which acts as superagonist for CD28, a co-stimulatory receptor required for T-cell activation. Since TGN1412 activates the T cell without anterior activation of the T cell antigen ( TCR ) receptor it was designated as a superagonist [ 2 ] ( Bhogal, 2006 ) . However, the vision of using TGN1412 as an anti-inflammatory agent was crashed when it failed in the first measure of the clinical surveies. The stage 1 clinical test of this promising drug emerged to be a catastrophe taking to dangerous effects in the voluntaries. This reappraisal focuses on the find, presymptomatic development and ethical concerns related to the drug and the possible mistakes made during the period from its find to the ruin. All the above factors had a cascading consequence and contributed greatly to the drug s failure. This fiasco of TGN1412 demands the important change in the current drug testing form for the advancement of the hereafter development of drugs. Development: -To promote the activation of immunosuppressive regulative T-cells, TeGenero, a German Pharmaceutical company developed TGN1412, a wholly humanized monoclonal antibody by protein technology of the non-human species generated antibody ( mice antibody ) to obtain belongingss specific to worlds. Protein technology involved the transportation of the complementary determining parts of a mouse anti-human CD28 ( 5.11.A1 ) antibody into human antibody concatenation proteins derived from Chinese hamster ovary ( CHO ) cells [ 1 ] ( Bhogal, 2007 ) . Autoreactive T-cells doing redness and autoimmunity against certain cells and organic structure tissues are kept in changeless cheque by regulative T cells. Normal T cell activation requires both the T cell receptor and CD28, a receptor protein on surface of T cells for its proliferation and activation [ 3 ] ( Vitetta, 2006 ) . Harmonizing to surveies conducted by TeGenero, TGN1412 can trip the T cells of all specificities and release c ytokines by aiming an antigenic determinant of CD28, a extremely conserved part of CD cringle which is exposed on the extracellular surface of T-cell membranes, therefore short-circuiting the demand to T cell receptor specificity. With this hope of stamp downing the immune system by activation of regulative T cells, TGN1412 was developed as a fresh therapy for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In Rheumatoid Arthritis, an autoimmune disease, TGN1412 reduced the degrees of inflammatory go-betweens by activation of the T-cells. B-CLL, most common type of chronic leukaemia is associated with a high white blood cell count and slow accretion of a peculiar type of B-cell. TGN1412 is effectual in intervention of B-CLL by non merely triping and exciting the growing of lymph cells but besides heightening the antigen showing ability of B-cells associated with the B-CLL. [ 2 ] ( Bhogal, 2006 ) After complete development, pre-clinical and carnal testing, TeGenero decided to continue with first in human clinical test to measure the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of TGN1412 and supervise its immunogenicity and effects on T cells, B cells and on cytokine degrees in blood serum. For this intent TeGenero recruited Parexel, a separate clinical test unit. The test protocol submitted by Parexel was authorized by Medical wellness regulative bureau ( MHRA ) on 27th January 2006 approved by Medical Ethics commission on 14th February 2006. [ 2 ] ( Bhogal, 2006 ) Phase 1 Clinical test failure: Harmonizing to the test protocol designed, on 13 March 2006, the first group of 6 voluntaries received a dosage of 0.1mg/kg on and was scheduled to have farther escalating doses over three-week period. However, the test turned ruinous and had to be suspended when these voluntaries developed cytokine release syndrome with an unmanageable addition in tissue cytokine concentrations finally taking to multiple organ failure. [ 4 ] ( Schraven, 2008 ) Preclinical: The probe conducted by MHRA and the European governments after the clinical test stated that there were no mistakes in fabrication, preparation and no marks of taint in the batch TGN1412 administered to the voluntaries [ 4 ] ( Schraven,2008 ) . With the purpose of forestalling such fatal events in future, the expert groups were recruited by Secretary of the province for wellness to look into the mistakes taking to failure of the test. The presymptomatic surveies with regard to the species choice, invitro and exvivo testing, appropriate dose choice and carnal surveies were points subjected to re-examination. In-vitro testing: Sing the species choice, non human Primatess are most frequently considered for the presymptomatic testing due to their close familial and pharmacological similarity to worlds. In instance of TGN1412, Rhesus macaques and the cynomolgus monkeys were used as the theoretical account for surveies on the footing that the 6 amino acid epitope on the C D loop of CD28 to which the drug appears to adhere is wholly similar and conserved in both the macaques and the worlds. [ 5 ] ( Stebbings, 2009 ) After careful designing of the TGN1412 based on the conserved sequence of the non-human Primatess, it could place the recombinant human cells showing CD28 with high adhering affinity. Specificity of TGN1412 for CD28 was confirmed with adhering surveies on the human cells showing CD-28, Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 ( CTLA-4 ) and the inducible co-stimulator ( ICOS ) , in which TGN1412 did non expose cross-reactivity with the CTLA-4 and ICOS with the fact that both these proteins have high grade of amino-acid sequence homology with CD28. In order to further synergize the species selectivity, adhering ability of TGN1412 in the human, Macaca mulatta and cynomolgus monkeys and gnawers and marmoset T-cells was evaluated. It was found that nanomolar concentration of TGN1412 could adhere specifically to human and Macaca mulatta and cynomolgus monkeys but non with marmoset and rodent T-Cells due to difference in the antigenic determinant of the marmoset and human CD28. In marmoset species , 2 of the amino acids out of 6 differ as compared to rat in which all 6 amino acids are different, therefore impacting the binding of the TGN1412 to CD28 of these species. All these surveies prompted the research workers to continue with the surveies on the Macaca mulatta and cynomolgus macaques. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] ( Bhogal, 2006, 2007 ) Along with pre-dominant look in human lien, CD28 is besides expressed in the lymphatic, respiratory, connective and female generative tissues. Even though being cognizant of this fact, the cross-reactivity surveies in cynomolgus monkeys were performed with limited tissues non accounting for complete tissue distribution of TGN1412. In add-on to this, cross-reactivity was observed with the respiratory CD28 which was unexplained in the redirect examination of presymptomatic trials since respiratory disfunction was observed in the voluntaries who participated in the test. [ 2 ] ( Bhogal, 2006 ) . Thus it was suggested that executing such surveies with wider assortment of tissues would greatly assist in the hereafter development of immunobiologics. In add-on to binding and the cross responsiveness surveies, invitro trials with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) were performed for foretelling the invivo specificity and the species sensitiveness for TGN1412 [ 5 ] ( Stebbings, 2009 ) . Since most maps of the antibodies are mediated by adhering of their Fc part to Fc receptor incorporating cells [ 4 ] ( Schraven,2008 ) , in-vitro trials finding specificity, with Fc immobilized TGN1412, which mimicked the Fc binding were performed in cynomolgus monkeys and adult male, due to high grade of similarity in their sequence homology of the Fc receptor. It displayed that TGN1412 could arouse the response merely when it was immobilized onto a surface, or coupled via immobilized Fc-specific antibody. In contrast to the above consequences, immobilisation of TGN1412 in the cynomolgus monkeys did non demo its action as a superagonist [ 5 ] ( Stebbings, 2009 ) . Alternatively it acts as conventional CD28 agonist necessitating T-cel l receptor and CD28 activation for T cell stimulation and above all that it did non trip the cytokine production as seen in the voluntaries in the clinical tests [ 2 ] ( Bhogal, 2006 ) . All these consequences indicated hapless species choice for the presymptomatic trials. Animal Trials: Pharmacokinetic and toxicological issues have been taken into consideration in correspondence with carnal surveies. Pharmacokinetic appraisals made during the comparative survey of the TGN1412 with its variant TGN1112 in Macaca mulatta macaques, indicated that after their IV disposal, both the drugs were present in the blood serum for 20 yearss, with the peak concentration of the T-cells and no indicant of the increased cytokine degrees. Due to the overestimate of these effects in invitro surveies, 28 twenty-four hours surveies were performed in the cynomolgus monkeys. The half life of TGN1412 in these surveies was found to be 8 yearss with ascertained addition in the expansion of the lymph nodes and enlargement of the CD4+ T-cells. Furthermore, 50mg/kg was set as the no-observed-adverse consequence degree ( NOAEL ) even though these surveies indicated 5mg/kg as an optimum dosage for TGN1412. With respects to the 28 twenty-four hours toxicologic surveies conducted in the cynomolgus monkeys, there was no indicant of the drug related toxicity and half life was similar to the pharmacokinetic trials. All the above consequences supported TeGenero in continuing with the clinical tests in homo for proving the safety and efficaciousness of the drug. [ 2 ] ( Bhogal, 2006 ) Methodological and Ethical concerns: -The calamity of the TGN1412 alerted the field of immunotherapeutics, to non merely meticulously study presymptomatic trials but besides safeguard the ethical regulations associated with each procedure in drug development. Sing the methodological concern, the disposal of appropriate dosage is really important. The dosage of 50mg/kg of TGN1412 for the disposal into the voluntaries was selected on footing of no-observed-adverse consequence degree ( NOAEL ) which was a high dosage [ 5 ] ( Stebbings, 2009 ) . However, the dosage selected should be of optimum concentration, optimum signifies that it should be low plenty to protect the safety of the voluntaries and high plenty to arouse the response for which it is tested. Thus the choice of the dosage should be based on use of all relevant information known about the drug including the freshness, species specificity and mark distribution, in vivo dose response curve and receptor tenancy with regard to concentration. From the invivo dose response curve obtained from the surveies on the Human PBMC, bell shaped dose response curve was obtained with optimal responses between 2-10ug/ml. These consequences stated that the dosage should be selected from the scope of doses falling within this curve and implied the usage of MABEL ( minimal anticipated biological consequence degree ) attack for choosing the safe and optimum dosage for the tests [ 5 ] ( Stebbings, 2009 ) . Second, the design of TGN1412 test required the disposal of the drug to six voluntaries within short clip continuance of two proceedingss. Since monoclonal antibodies have fresh mechanism of action, disposal into fewer voluntaries with sufficient clip intervals is recommended. A better method would be detecting the consequence of such drug in one voluntary before continuing with the test. A good pattern of documenting the medical history of voluntary was non followed in the instance of TGN1412 by the test carry oning grou p, Parexel. [ 6 ] ( Ferguson, 2009 ) Sing the ethical issues, each test performed must be in concurrency with the Helsinki s declarations to safeguard the rights and safety of each take parting voluntary. Conversely all take parting groups including the voluntaries and the research groups must follow the ethical guidelines. The inside informations of the approved survey by the Ethics commission must be given to the voluntaries. Consent signifier must be short, concise and comprehensive and each voluntary should be given adequate clip to analyze and do determination sing take parting in the test. In instance of any inauspicious events, the test groups must describe it instantly to the moralss commission to avoid put on the lining the life of participants. In instance of TGN1412 each voluntary was given a big amount of money as compared to other stage 1 tests. In add-on, the clip given to analyze the long consent signifier was limited [ 6 ] ( Ferguson, 2009 ) . Therefore, attention should be taken that none of the regulat ions are breached under any fortunes. The chief aim of the investigational survey on failure of TGN1412 was to better the drug development procedure and cut down its clinical failure. However, even after this catastrophe in 2006, many of the late developed drugs have undergone failure. Taranabant ( MK-0364 ) was developed by Merck A ; Co. for intervention of fleshiness, which is frequently associated with increased hazard of developing cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and malignant neoplastic disease [ 8 ] . Taranabant is a fresh reverse agonist of cannabinoid-1 receptors ( CB1R ) , which are of import in ordinance of organic structure weight, energy usage and lipid and glucose metamorphosis [ 9 ] ( Pacher, 2009 ) . The thought of cannabinoid exciting appetency was based on utmost hungriness experienced by hemp tobacco users [ 8 ] . This observation led to the birth of Taranabant which stimulates weight loss by adhering to cannabinoid receptors and forestalling their activation. The presymptomatic surveies indicated th at acute disposal of Taranabant inhibited the food-intake and weight addition in dose dependent form, therefore taking to weight loss and lessening in organic structure fats which were non observed in smasher mice deficient in the CB1R cistron. Based on these surveies it was found that merely 30-40 % CB1 receptor tenancy was required to advance weight loss. These consequences from presymptomatic surveies inspired the research workers to continue with clinical tests. The first clinical survey was carried out in 24 healthy voluntaries as random, double-blind and placebo controlled test. This survey was successful as it displayed additive and dose dependent addition in AUC0 and Cmax values, long half life of 38 to 69 hours and mild inauspicious events [ 10 ] ( Addy, 2008 ) . Phase II test carried out for 12 hebdomads in 533 patients confirmed that effectivity of Taranabant in bring oning weight loss as compared to the placebo. Phase III test was initiated in 2400 patients and was inten ded to be continued for 2 old ages. Even after 1 twelvemonth of stage III survey in March 2008, Taranabant was found effectual in cut downing dual sum of weight by dosage of 2mg of drug with combination of exercising and diet. However, in October 2008 it was withdrawn due to GI and CNS side effects associated with it. [ 8 ] ( www.drugdevelopment-technology.com ) . Gastrointestinal side effects associated were chiefly sickness, purging concern, drowsiness abdominal uncomfortableness, and increased intestine motion. Other drug associated symptoms observed were mood alteration, fatigue and increased sudating [ 9 ] ( Addy, 2008 ) . Happening of all these inauspicious events compels the research workers to retreat a specific drug from the clinical test. Many other drugs which appeared to be innovators in development of assorted diseases have faced the failure during their clinical testing continuance either due to their toxic effects in worlds or due to unsatisfactory degree of consequence for intervention of the disease. Flurizan ( tarenflurbil ) , developed by Myriad Pharmaceuticals was intended for the intervention of Alzheimer s disease by selective take downing the Amyloid degrees. However, it was withdrawn from Phase III clinical test since it was found to be unproductive in bettering the cognitive signals and everyday activities in Alzheimer s disease patients. [ 11 ] ( www.drugdevelopment-technology.com ) Decision: Since monoclonal antibodies have evolved to be one of the promising drugs in intervention of countless diseases owing to their novel mechanism, a argus-eyed reappraisal of the presymptomatic surveies before their disposal into worlds is critical. The presymptomatic surveies of the antibody based drugs should be performed in Primatess possessing wholly matched antigenic site with that in worlds. Apart from the detailed the analysis of the presymptomatic consequences and appropriate species choice, it is important to guarantee that these methods are validated. Standardization of these methods will assist in more accurate extrapolation of the similar effects in worlds and prevent such tragic events in future. Besides elaborate analysis of the comparative measurings of the binding affinities should be done for both human antigen and archpriest antigen, to command the unforeseen structural fluctuations of the proteins. If all these stairss were followed in instance of TGN1412, the awful event might hold been predicted and life of the voluntaries would non hold been on the hazard. A valuable lesson was learnt in the field of research that even a little faux pas in any portion of drug development might take to a large blooper and therefore careful hazard analysis and examination of each measure in the drug development in hereafter will greatly heighten the field of drug find, development and cut down the failure of possible drugs. Mentions: [ 1 ] N.Bhogal and R. Combes, Toxicology in Vitro Vol 21:1227-1232, 2007 [ 2 ] N.Bhogal et.al, ATLA 34,225-239, 2006 [ 3 ] E. Vitetta et.al, Perspective Immunology, Vol 313: 308-309, July 2006 [ 4 ] B. Schraven et.al, Immunity Vol 28:591-595, May 2008 [ 5 ] R. Stebbings et. Al, Current Opinion in Biotechnology, Vol 20: 673-677, 2009 [ 6 ] P.R. Ferguson, The SciTech Lawyer, Vol 5 ( 4 ) , 2009 [ 7 ] MJH Kenter and A F Cohen, Lancet, Vol 368:1387-1391, October 2006 [ 8 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.drugdevelopment-technology.com/projects/taranabant/ [ 9 ] Pacher et. al. , Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis A ; Vascular Biology, Vol 29 ( 1 ) :7-9, Jan 2009 [ 10 ] C. Addy, Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Vol 48: 418-427, 2008 [ 11 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.drugdevelopment-technology.com/projects/flurizan/

How does Hobgood's arguments about dismantling race, class and gender Essay

How does Hobgood's arguments about dismantling race, class and gender privilege challenge your prior knowledge Which of her i - Essay Example What Hobgood eventually reveals is that some of the victimised and some of those that dish out victimisation may not recognise that they are involved in it. Class, race and gender systems construct different identities through unjust power arrangements. These systems are patterns of relations that elites reproduce through their ownership and/or control of the major institutions in the society (Hobgood 1). Every race seems to be wired to think of itself as superior to others. Many people even believe that if a person comes from any other race apart from theirs, such a person does not deserve to get any attention from them. This superiority complex has been attributed as the reason colonialism thrived in the manner it did. Colonialism succeeded because the whites – the colonisers – were of the opinion that their race was superior to every other race in the world. They went around to parts of the world that were yet to be explored with the intention of being lord and maste r over those people. In many of the places they went, the culture of the locals was rubbished. The colonisers were often involved in the act of saying that they discovered things the locals had been using for a very long time, even before the birth of the colonisers themselves. It was so bad that the coloniser had to share the colonies amongst themselves without consulting the people whose daily lives were affected by the sharing. This is only a tip of the iceberg of what the segregation as a result of race has caused. Obviously, as in her book, the opinion of Hobgood is the same with this. So, in this regard, what she succeeds in doing is to deepen many of my long-held opinions. It is important to mention that at many points in history, race, class and gender have adversely affected the growth and development of humanity. There have been periods in human history when women were not recognised in anything. During this period, they were completely inconsequential (Purvis 40). During that period, it was really a man’s world in which a woman was only supposed to be who the man says she is. Religious institutions did not even help the plight of women (Blevins 21). Women got little or no education. They could not even vote or be voted for at some point. It is very certain that during that period of time, many women who had potentials for greatness were denied a chance to bring their endowments to reality. Of course, as repercussion, not only those women will suffer from it, even the society would suffer from the consequences. This also is very much in line what Hobgood expresses. Assumptions about human behaviour that members of market societies believe to be universal, that humans are naturally competitive and acquisitive, and that social stratification is natural... (Gowdy 291) In many societies of the world, there is social stratification. In such societies, certain unseen borders are automatically created when people are divided into classes based on the ir social means or capability. In such societies, the wealthy is the master and the poor is the servant (Barnard 379). The wealthy are the elite of the society

Plea Bargaining Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Plea Bargaining - Research Paper Example 622 (2002), (Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the ninth circuit No. 01-595. Argued April 24, 2002-Decided June 24, 2002) the court initiated the focus on the realities of the plea process but the endeavor materialized with a half hearted outcome. It was in the year 2010, regarding a case between Padilla v. Kentucky - 08-651 (2010) the court engineered in the substantive calculus of the notion of plea bargaining along with the attendants sentencing decisions, running of the lawyers along with the associated civil consequences. Padilla was a petitioner, a lawful permanent resident of the United States for 40 years faced deportation after pleading guilty to drug distribution charges in Kentucky. Padilla held that before a guilty plea, the criminal defense counsel must be advising the clients not only about the direct consequences of the plea but also but also about one of its chief collateral civil consequences, deportation. The case of Padilla can be said to be a la ndmark construal of the constitution’s Sixth Amendment’s right to effective counsel followed by the court to move beyond its fixation upon various cases that go to the jury trials (Bibas, 2011, p.1117). The United States (U.S.) of America from a very long time has been rigidly associated with the emblem of democracy and freedom with proper and quick functioning of the court system being one of the major parameters. Within the judicial system of the United States, the notion of plea bargaining is highly common with approximately 90% of the criminal cases being settled by plea bargaining mechanism rather than by the process of a jury trials. The procedure of plea bargaining is subjected to the court and several states and jurisdictions fall under domain of different rules (Plea Bargaining, 2012). The American Samoa is one of the territories of United States of America and the central theme of the paper will be dealing with the practice of plea bargaining

Reflection paper Essay Example for Free

Reflection paper Essay ‘3 Idiots’ is one of the most meaningful movies that I have seen throughout my life. Infused with some wacky sense of comedy at times, it stars the widely-acclaimed Aamir Khan alongside Sharman Joshi and R.Madhavan as the main characters in the movie. Kareena Kapoor is the lead actress. Dont get put-off by the name of the movie, for the movie is anything but about three idiots. Many people, me included, thought this was going to be a foolish movie with petty comedy but that surely wasnt the case. Thus, it is no surprise that this movie has broken the Bollywood box-office record. I like the movie most because of its messages which can be closely related to our daily lives. For instance, parents who pre-determine the fate of their children’s careers the moment they are born. The other messages range from students who commit suicide due to the pressure of education to the rigid education system in which nerdy individuals who memorize textbooks are rewarded whilst visionary budding talents are wasted. The movie also showed that people’s lives were like a seesaw. Sometimes you’re up; sometimes you’re down or you remain the same. Moreover, it was also stated in the film to â€Å"follow excellence and let success chase us† wherein we are free to choose. We should feel free to decide well and don’t let others manipulate you from what you want to do. God has given us the freedom and the knowledge to use it wisely. ‘3 Idiots’ is one of the most meaningful movies that I have seen throughout my life. Infused with some wacky sense of comedy at times, it stars the widely-acclaimed Aamir Khan alongside Sharman Joshi and R.Madhavan as the main characters in the movie. Kareena Kapoor is the lead actress. Dont get put-off by the name of the movie, for the movie is anything but about three idiots. Many people, me included, thought this was going to be a foolish movie with petty comedy but that surely wasnt the case. Thus, it is no surprise that this movie has broken the Bollywood box-office record. I like the movie most because of its messages which can be closely related to our daily lives. For instance, parents who pre-determine the fate of their  children’s careers the moment they are born. The other messages range from students who commit suicide due to the pressure of education to the rigid education system in which nerdy individuals who memorize textbooks are rewarded whilst visionary budding talents are wasted. The movie also showed that people’s lives were like a seesaw. Sometimes you’re up; sometimes you’re down or you remain the same. Moreover, it was also stated in the film to â€Å"follow excellence and let success chase us† wherein we are free to choose. We should feel free to decide well and don’t let others manipulate you from what you want to do. God has given us the freedom and the knowledge to use it wisely. ‘3 Idiots’ is one of the most meaningful movies that I have seen throughout my life. Infused with some wacky sense of comedy at times, it stars the widely-acclaimed Aamir Khan alongside Sharman Joshi and R.Madhavan as the main characters in the movie. Kareena Kapoor is the lead actress. Dont get put-off by the name of the movie, for the movie is anything but about three idiots. Many people, me included, thought this was going to be a foolish movie with petty comedy but that surely wasnt the case. Thus, it is no surprise that this movie has broken the Bollywood box-office record. I like the movie most because of its messages which can be closely related to our daily lives. For instance, parents who pre-determine the fate of their children’s careers the moment they are born. The other messages range from students who commit suicide due to the pressure of education to the rigid education system in which nerdy individuals who memorize textbooks are rewarded whilst visionary budding talents are wasted. The movie also showed that people’s lives were like a seesaw. Sometimes you’re up; sometimes you’re down or you remain the same. Moreover, it was also stated in the film to â€Å"follow excellence and let success chase us† wherein we are free to choose. We should feel free to decide well and don’t let others manipulate you from what you want to do. God has given us the freedom and the knowledge to use it wisely.

The Relationship Between a Mother and Daughter in Two Kinds by Amy Tan

"Two Kinds" by Amy Tan is about the intricacies and complexities in the relationship between a mother and daughter. Throughout the story, the mother imposes upon her daughter, Jing Mei, her hopes and dreams for her. Jing Mei chooses not what her mother wants of her but only what she wants for herself. She states, "For, unlike my mother, I did not believe I could be anything I wanted to be. I could be only me" (Tan 1). Thus this "battle of wills" between mother and daughter sets the conflict of the story. The theme seems to be about how the expectations of a parent can lead to resentment from the child when the child fails to meet those expectations. The theme is partially set in the opening paragraph with the statement, "My mother believed you could be anything you wanted to be in America" (Tan 1), and again in the second paragraph, when the mother tells the daughter, "Of course you can be prodigy, too" (Tan1). Throughout the story, the mother constantly insists on making of Jing Mei a child prodigy. In the beginning, Jing Mei is excited about the possibility. She even likens herself to Jesus saying, "I was like the Christ child lifted out of the straw manger, crying with holy indignity" (Tan 1). When Jing Mei realizes she isn’t succeeding, she loses hope and so chooses not to succeed. In this she resents her mother for constantly trying to make of her something she is not. The story is told in the first-person narrative, or subjective point of view. This is important as it leads the reader to sympathize with the narrator as well as setting up the protagonist/antagonist relationship of daughter and mother. In this case, Jing Mei narrates as an adult but through the eyes of a child, allowing the reader to draw upon his/her ow... ...ith Jing Mei and her mother, it is compounded by the fact that there are dual nationalities involved as well. Not only did the mother’s good intentions bring about failure and disappointment from Jing Mei, but rooted in her mother’s culture was the belief that children are to be obedient and give respect to their elders. "Only two kinds of daughters.....those who are obedient and those who follow their own mind!" (Tan1) is the comment made by her mother when Jing Mei refuses to continue with piano lessons. In the end, this story shows that not only is the mother-daughter relationship intricately complex but is made even more so with cultural and generational differences added to the mix. Work Cited Tan, Amy. "Two Kinds." Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Ed. Edgar V Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs. 7th ed. N.J.: Pearson Education, 2004. 211-18. The Relationship Between a Mother and Daughter in Two Kinds by Amy Tan "Two Kinds" by Amy Tan is about the intricacies and complexities in the relationship between a mother and daughter. Throughout the story, the mother imposes upon her daughter, Jing Mei, her hopes and dreams for her. Jing Mei chooses not what her mother wants of her but only what she wants for herself. She states, "For, unlike my mother, I did not believe I could be anything I wanted to be. I could be only me" (Tan 1). Thus this "battle of wills" between mother and daughter sets the conflict of the story. The theme seems to be about how the expectations of a parent can lead to resentment from the child when the child fails to meet those expectations. The theme is partially set in the opening paragraph with the statement, "My mother believed you could be anything you wanted to be in America" (Tan 1), and again in the second paragraph, when the mother tells the daughter, "Of course you can be prodigy, too" (Tan1). Throughout the story, the mother constantly insists on making of Jing Mei a child prodigy. In the beginning, Jing Mei is excited about the possibility. She even likens herself to Jesus saying, "I was like the Christ child lifted out of the straw manger, crying with holy indignity" (Tan 1). When Jing Mei realizes she isn’t succeeding, she loses hope and so chooses not to succeed. In this she resents her mother for constantly trying to make of her something she is not. The story is told in the first-person narrative, or subjective point of view. This is important as it leads the reader to sympathize with the narrator as well as setting up the protagonist/antagonist relationship of daughter and mother. In this case, Jing Mei narrates as an adult but through the eyes of a child, allowing the reader to draw upon his/her ow... ...ith Jing Mei and her mother, it is compounded by the fact that there are dual nationalities involved as well. Not only did the mother’s good intentions bring about failure and disappointment from Jing Mei, but rooted in her mother’s culture was the belief that children are to be obedient and give respect to their elders. "Only two kinds of daughters.....those who are obedient and those who follow their own mind!" (Tan1) is the comment made by her mother when Jing Mei refuses to continue with piano lessons. In the end, this story shows that not only is the mother-daughter relationship intricately complex but is made even more so with cultural and generational differences added to the mix. Work Cited Tan, Amy. "Two Kinds." Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Ed. Edgar V Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs. 7th ed. N.J.: Pearson Education, 2004. 211-18.

Lord of the Flies Antrhopology

Thomas Hobbes was one of the most controversial philosophers of all time. He argued that the, â€Å"Life of man [is] solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short† (Hobbes 77). Clearly he didn’t think that humanity was a good group of beings. In the Lord of the Flies by William Golding, one character, Jack Merridew, displays many characteristics of Hobbes’ philosophy on man. Time after time, Golding subtly refers to Hobbes’ philosophy through Jack and his reactions with other characters in the book. After Golding introduces the boys, they want to elect a chief, and already, Golding is using Hobbes’ anthropology.In Hobbes’ Leviathan, he states, â€Å"And therefore, if any two men desire the same thing which nevertheless they cannot both enjoy, they become enemies† (Hobbes 76). The two main contenders for the chief position are Ralph and Jack. Jack fervently believes that he should be chief, and he says, â€Å"’I ought to be chief,â €™ said Jack with simple arrogance, ’because I’m chapter chorister and head boy. I can sing C sharp’† (Golding 15). Fortunately, Ralph is elected chief, and Jack is disappointed. This simple election creates the dispute between the two boys for the whole book.Ralph and Jack cannot share the position, and both cannot enjoy it, so Jack begins to have an aversion to Ralph. Hobbes’ philosophy basically predicted that this would occur. They both wanted a thing, leadership, and one got it, making them both enemies. This enmity that Jack has eventually pushes him to the point of wanting to kill Ralph in order to lead the island without opposition. This craving for murder also demonstrates another philosophical point by Hobbes. Far later in the book, Jack’s relations with Ralph once again clearly display one of Hobbes’ points.In Leviathan, Hobbes writes, â€Å"In all times kings and persons of sovereign authority, because of their indepen dency, are†¦ in the state and posture of gladiators, having their weapons pointing and their eyes fixed on one another† (76). After Jack splits from the tribe in order to make a new one, he immediately sees the other tribe as a threat. He even literally has his weapons pointed at Ralph in one scene specifically, in which the two leaders are dueling. The narrator narrates, â€Å"Jack made a rush and stabbed at Ralph’s chest with spear. Ralph sensed the position of the weapon from the glimpse he caught of Jack’s arm and put the hrust aside with his own butt† (Golding 159). Even though Hobbes may have intended this to be figurative without the actual leaders fighting, but their armies doing their work, this seems to fit the same kind of description. Hobbes really means that kings, or in this case chiefs, are always looking to fight each other, always ready for battle, always looking to rid themselves of their opponents. In the same way, Jack is always lo oking to fight Ralph, always ready for battle against Ralph, always looking to rid himself of Ralph. Golding ultimately connects Jack to Hobbes through Jack’s lack of mercy and justice.An unknown author composed a summary of Hobbes’ argument pertaining to this subject, and wrote â€Å"The state of nature†¦ was founded upon a savage egoism which drove man to seek a maximum of pleasure without hindrance from a norm of justice or mercy toward other men. Every man was continually engaged in war against all other men† (Paragraph 9). Throughout the book, Jack fastidiously tries to not offer mercy or due justice to people. In one instance, Ralph pleads for mercy upon the twins, Sam and Eric. The narrator says, â€Å"’Grab them! ’ No one moved. Jack shouted angrily. I said ‘grab them’! ’ Their spears were taken from them. ‘Tie them up! ’ Ralph cried out hopelessly against the black and green mask. ‘Jack! â€℠¢Ã¢â‚¬  (Golding 161). The key word of this scene is â€Å"hopelessly. † This simple word makes Ralph’s plea seem impossible; henceforth, Jack is not giving mercy at any cost. Jack wants the twins to leave Ralph and join his tribe. This essentially gives him pleasure because he knows that Ralph is hopeless. Whatever plea Ralph makes will not be granted because it will hinder his pleasure. Justice will not be served because it will hinder his pleasure.Mercy will not be served because it will hinder his pleasure. Hobbes directly says that people will not give justice or mercy when it will hinder his own pleasure. For Jack, to offer mercy is to rid himself of pleasure; therefore, he will not give the mercy according to Hobbes’ philosophy. Golding clearly thought of Hobbes’ philosophy when he was contriving Jack. Jack displays almost all of the qualities that a human being should display according to Hobbes. First, his enmity toward Ralph is solely based on a thing that he can’t have, which is what Hobbes predicted would happen.Second, he and Ralph, because they are both opposing leaders, have weapons pointed at each other, symbolizing how opposing leaders always quarrel with each other according to Hobbes. Third, his lack of mercy and justice for those who deserve it is nonexistent because it will hinder his pleasure according to Hobbes. In conclusion, in almost every act that Jack does, he relates back to Hobbes’ philosophy pertaining to human nature. Works Cited â€Å"The Philosophy of Thomas Hobbes. † 1998. The Radical Academy. 15 March 2010. <http://www. radicalacademy. com/philfthomashobbes. htm>.Hobbes, Thomas. Leviathan. The Harvard Classics. 1904-14. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. I used passive voice because the subjects are more important than Jack, who would be doing the action. (This isn’t rhet oric, it’s just and explanation) [ 2 ]. I used epistrophe to emphasize the point that Jack will not do the things that will hinder his pleasure [ 3 ]. I used antithesis here to kind of show a cause and effect. If he was to offer mercy (the cause) then he would accept defeat (effect). It seemed more logical to use antithesis right here than other forms of rhetoric.

Is Drone Strikes Against Terrorism - 1150 Words

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